The background to the Catalan crisis was plague, recurrent and remorseless: 1333, a year offamine, came to be known as the ‘first bad year’, but it was between 1347 and 1351 that thePrincipality was first ravaged by plague. He retiredfrom the Regius Chair in 1997. UNEQUAL PARTNERSWhile Catalonia had preserved its traditional constitutional structure, its economy had collapsed. : $18.00 $12.00 (as of 02/25/2013 03:17 PST) 77 Used! This in turn suggests a corollary, no less relevant to Spain: how does this samesociety lose its impetus and its creative dynamism, perhaps in as short a period of time as it took toacquire them? (3) The annexation of Portugal. But therewere important differences between the Cortes of Castile and those of the Crown of Aragon, whichprevented them from exercising the effective political control enjoyed by their Aragonesecounterparts, and which in the end were fatally to undermine their authority. The language of the greatest work produced in the Castile of theCatholic Kings, the Celestina of the converso Fernando de Rojas, is at once vigorous, flexible, andauthoritative: a language that was indeed ‘the perfect instrument of empire’. Beskrivning. THE OPEN SOCIETYThe reign of Ferdinand and Isabella was called by Prescott ‘the most glorious epoch in the annals’ ofSpain. The Governor ofBresse, Laurent Gorrevod, was granted the first licence to ship negroes to the Indies – a privilegecalculated to be worth 25,000 ducats when he sold it to the Genoese. Christian Ferrara: Der langsame Niedergang des spanischen Weltreiches: Die Rivalität zwischen England und Spanien in Hispanoamerika und die Anfänge der Piraterie 1560–1600. This left the Crown with only the patrimonial lands of thesultanate. This item is available to borrow from 1 library branch. Assoon as their old master was dead, they flocked to Brussels - men like Lope Conchillos, Ferdinand'sprincipal secretary; the Aragonese secretaries, Pedro de Quintana and Ugo de Urries; AntonioAgustín, vice-chancellor of the Council of Aragon; and a non-Aragonese official, Francisco de losCobos, chief assistant of Lope Conchillos. izgalmas történet: A Fantom (A Bourne-rejtély) + A holtsáv (The Dead Zone) PDF In this way theterritories of the federation were loosely held together, and their contacts with the ruling house ofAragon preserved. There is no doubt, however, that they were drawnoverwhelmingly from the Crown of Castile. The North African state systemwas in an advanced state of dissolution by the later fifteenth century. Everywhere – even in the sporadic military expeditions against the GranadaMoors – there was evidence of an upsurge of national energy, which contrasted sharply with thedebilitating lassitude of the states of the Crown of Aragon. Both were Castilians, who were, in fact, muchbetter represented in Ferdinand's foreign service than might have been expected in the light of theCrown of Aragon's much longer diplomatic tradition. Buy Imperial Spain, 1469-1716 1st edn by Elliott, J. H. (ISBN: 9780713151237) from Amazon's Book Store. Here were the first steps towards the European involvement of Castile, andtowards that diplomatic isolation of France – later to be reinforced by a series of dynastic marriages– which was to be the permanent theme of Ferdinand's foreign policy. Inseñoríos libres (or behetrías), the inhabitants freely placed themselves under the protection of a lay. The Four Inheritances of Charles V5. Plateresque was a rich and extravagant style requiring rich and extravagant patrons. Check Pages 51 - 100 of Imperial Spain -1469-1716 in the flip PDF version. The leader of an expedition would also expect to enjoy the spoils ofconquest, in the shape of movable property and captives, and to receive grants of land and a title ofnobility, like his predecessors during the Reconquista. On the contrary, it was a loose federation ofterritories, each with its own laws and institutions, and each voting independently the subsidiesrequested by its king. Assistance was givento those who wished to emigrate, and in the autumn of 1493 the unhappy Boabdil and some sixthousand Moors left the country for Africa, where Boabdil some years later lost his life in battle.After the emigration, very few aristocratic families were left in the conquered kingdom, and thoseMoorish nobles who still remained were carefully given posts in the royal administration in order tokeep them contented. With its long seaboard and its influential mercantile community it was well placed toembark on a quest for the gold, slaves, sugar, and spices, for all of which there was an expandingdemand. Skickas inom 5-7 vardagar Vid val av prioriterat leveranssätt. Two areas received his special attention: the Catalan-French border, and Italy. I have also said very little about intellectual and culturaldevelopments, not because I consider them unimportant, but because they require, for satisfactorytreatment, far more space than I can give them, and have on the whole received considerable attentionelsewhere. Hittades i bokenImperial Spain 1469-1716 (London, 1963), pp. 6-12, 30-2; H. Kamen, Spain 1469-1714.Asociety ofconflict, 2nd edn (London, 1991), pp. 1, 9-10. 28. A. Ryder, 'The evolution of imperial government in Naples under Alfonso the Magnanimous', ... (4) The crisis of the 1560s. And in the NewWorld the conquistadores were carving out for themselves an empire that could not but profoundlyalter the balance of power in the Old. La Spagna imperiale 1469-1716 è un libro di John H. Elliott pubblicato da Il Mulino nella collana Storica paperbacks: acquista su IBS a 15.00€! Imperial Spain 1469. But the deficiencies could only be madegood by assiduous instruction, and the Andalusian clergy proved to be sadly wanting in both the skilland the desire to attend to the needs of their Moorish flocks. J. H. Frete GRÁTIS em milhares de produtos com o Amazon Prime. (3) The decline of the Crown of Aragon. He requested for himself and his descendants in perpetuitythe post of governor-general and viceroy of any lands he discovered. Un libro: La conquista espiritual de México, del francés Robert Ricard, presentó en 1933 (edición francesa) una evaluación vasta, profunda y minuciosa de la obra misionera en Nueva España, en los años fundadores de 1523 a 1572. The dynamism which created an empire wassupplied almost exclusively by Castile – a Castile whose vigour and self-confidence gave it a naturalpredominance in the new Spanish Monarchy. There must here have been a superiority that was more than merely technical, andperhaps it ultimately lay in the greater self-confidence of the civilization which produced theconquistadores. Cortés always carried with him animage of the Virgin, and attended mass daily; and his banner, which bore a cross, was inscribed withthe words: ‘Amici, sequamur crucem, et si nos fidem habemus vere in hoc signo vincemus.’ Howeveroften debased and traduced in practice, this conquering missionary fervour was sufficient to make theCastilians more than a match for Indians who fought bravely enough, but who lacked their zest forlife. Imperial Spain: 1469 1716|J, An Aesthetic Underground: A Literary Memoir|John Metcalf, Theodore Roosevelt the Boy and the Man|James Morgan, High Energy Nuclear Physics: Proceedings Sixth Rochester Conference|PROC Columbus had discovered the ‘Indies’. But Columbus himself did not belong to the tradition of theReconquista. Hittades i boken – Sida 102Imperial Spain, 1469–1716. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963. ———. The Count-Duke ofOlivares: The Statesman in an Age of Decline. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. González de León, Fernando. “'Doctors of the Military Discipline': ... The Corts, in sessionbetween 1454 and 1458, reacted so violently that the King was forced to suspend his decree thefollowing year, but the royal retreat merely encouraged the oligarchy to pursue an intransigent policy.The King in turn confirmed his decree in 1457. The bringing of new perspectives to bear on the past makes such limitations and deficienciesunavoidable, although it should also be borne in mind that the fashionable themes in today's historicalwriting will not be those of tomorrow. 2002) The Old World and The New 1492–1650 (Cambridge University Press, 1970; pbk reprint, 1992) It is conceivable, however, that the formidable natural difficulties would nothave been insuperable if the Castilians had adopted a different approach to the war in North Africa.In practice they tended to treat the war as a simple continuation of the campaign against Granada. The events leadingup to the wedding were, to say the least, unusual. The dedication, however, required a cause, and the sacrifice a recompense. Under the government of theCatholic Kings, Castile – its most pressing domestic problems momentarily solved – was ready tothrow itself into new experiences, cultural or political, with all the energy of a nation released from along confinement. It was Europe's observation post from which to surveyNorth Africa and the broad expanses of the Atlantic Ocean. The Reconquista was not one but many things. From the moment of Isabella's death the fate ofSpain was intimately connected with events in the court of Burgundy, where Juana and the ArchdukePhilip were waiting to take up their Spanish inheritance. Imperial Spain -1469-1716 was published by Bro. (2) The assertion of royal authority in Castile. Thepublishers asked me to begin with the age of Ferdinand and Isabella, rather than with the reign ofCharles V. I did not regret this, since I had already decided that my over-arching theme should be therise and decline of Spanish power, a theme that required close attention to the creation of ‘Spain’ inthe age of the Catholic Kings. As the original homeland of the Catalans, they wereconsidered as integral a part of the dominions of the kings of Spain as the kingdom of Granada, andtheir recovery was a prime object of Ferdinand's policy. In practice, the Crown benefited surprisingly little from the spoils of victory. Columbus and his successors would thus always takepossession in the name of the Crown. As a formation it dominated the battlefields of Europe for over a century, and its verysuccess helped to reinforce the self-confidence of a fighting force which was, and knew itself to be,the best in the world. Elliot's classic work, Imperial Spain: 1469-1716. Hittades i boken – Sida 47J.H. Elliott (2002) Imperial Spain 1469–1716 (London: Penguin) pp. 299–300; 310. J.H. Elliott Imperial Spain 1469–1716 p. 310. It is argued that by the mid-century, 'America', as a connotation of the fulfillment of utopian promise in ... ELLIOTTIMPERIAL SPAIN 1469–1716 PENGUIN BOOKSPENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Putnam Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 Penguin Books India (P) Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110017, India Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd, Cnr Rosedale and Airborne Roads, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England www.penguin.com First published by Edward Arnold 1963 Published in Pelican Books 1970 Reprinted in Penguin Books 1990 Reprinted with revised Foreword and Notes on Further Reading 2002 10 Copyright © J. H. Elliott, 1963, 2002 All rights reserved Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, byway of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser ISBN:978-0-14-192557-8ContentsAcknowledgementsForewordPrologue1 The Union of the Crowns (1) Origins of the union. But, in the lastanalysis, Castile's cultural predominance derived from the innate vitality of its literature and languageat the end of the fifteenth century. By the middle of the fifteenth century, some of these aristocratic houses enjoyed fabulous prestigeand wealth. Compre La España imperial de J H Elliott desde 13.90 euros! Ferdinand's military experts, importedfrom Aragon, instructed Isabella's troops in new military techniques. Its officials controlled the Principality's entire system of taxation, and wereresponsible for paying the Crown the subsidies voted by the Corts. Barcelona. The "new monarchy" 2. The political crisis of fifteenth-century Cataloniatherefore needs to be set – as modern historians are setting it – in the wider context of the economicrecession and social upheaval of the later medieval world. Aftercenturies of relative isolation, Castile had been subjected in the fifteenth century to strong andcontradictory European cultural influences, out of which it would eventually fashion for itself anational art. At thesame time they tried to meet the challenge of the economic crisis by adopting certain policies, such asprotectionism and devaluation of the coinage, which threatened the most deep-seated interests of thetraditional oligarchy. He was knighted for his services tohistory in 1984, and has received several honours and awards in Spain. The crippling of Catalonia inevitably had profound and lasting consequences for the entire Crownof Aragon. The change of officers fittingly preceded by a few months a total change in. IMPERIAL SPAIN: 1469-1716. (2) The faction struggles. The overthrow of the empires of the Aztecs and the Incas was achieved by no more than a handfulof men. After Boabdil's return to his own land, the Spanish attack was directed against the western half ofthe kingdom, where Boabdil's father and uncle enjoyed their strongest support. Since the Andalusian Church lacked thedetermination to convert, and the Morisco population lacked the will to be converted, deadlock wasreached. North Africa remained throughout the sixteenth century the Cinderella of Spain'soverseas possessions – a land unsuited to the particular characteristics of the conquistador. The absence of a fixed capital meant that diplomatic documents were scatteredacross Spain in a chaotic trail of papers which marked the route taken by Ferdinand on his travels.Letters went unanswered, treaties were lost. In view of her obvious unfitnessto govern, the Cortes of Castile named Ferdinand administrator of the kingdom in 1510. A fortnight later, having woncomplete freedom of action to interfere in the Castilian succession question whenever he wished, heleft Castile, to await better times. Barcelona, the birthplace of the Llibre delConsolat, the famous maritime code which regulated the trade of the Mediterranean world, was theheart of a commercial system which reached as far as the Levant. The twomen met on 20 June 1506, and signed an agreement seven days later at Villafáfila, whereby Ferdinandhanded over the government of Castile to his ‘most beloved children’, and promised to retire toAragon. With a handful of attendants disguised asmerchants, he had travelled from Zaragoza by night through the hostile country, and had narrowlyescaped death from a stone hurled by a sentinel from the battlements of Burgo de Osma. Bibliographic Details; Imperial Spain 1469-1716 / J.H. This success helped to perpetuate athome, and project overseas, the ideals, the values and the institutions of medieval Castile.1. But unfortunatelyfor Columbus, Castile's mercantile tradition was not yet sufficiently well established to challenge itsmilitary tradition with any hope of success. The family of Mulay Hassan, the aged King of Granada, was divided within itself,and in July 1482 Boabdil and Yusuf, the sons of Mulay Hassan by his first marriage, fled to Guadix,where Boabdil was recognized as king. Share to Facebook. Imperial Spain 1469 1716. First and foremost they were professional soldiers, schooled to hardship and war. After the incorporation of Granada in 1492, the Crown of Castile covered about two-thirds of thetotal area of the Iberian peninsula. At that time, Isabella the Catholic, Philip II and GeneralFranco were the figures of honour in the national pantheon, linked across the centuries in a greathistorical enterprise devoted to the perpetuation of a set of transcendental Spanish values. Since the 1960s there has been a transformation in our knowledge and understanding of the historyof Habsburg Spain. Indeed, the decision itself may gosome way towards explaining the book's longevity. While attracted by many aspects of the Braudelian revolution, I could not share all its assumptionsand preconceptions, which seemed to me to imply a downgrading of the role of human agency, and,consequently, of the influence of power, politics and personality in the historical process. Vi klimatkompenserar alla There was nothing for it now but to play for time. Boabdilin person presented to Ferdinand the keys of the Alhambra, and the crucifix and the royal standardwere raised above its highest tower. Bythe end of the 1950s this Annales approach, although too marxisant to be acceptable in the repressivepolitical climate of Franco Spain, was injecting new life into the writing of Spanish history. A. Parker of the University of London. Even more important, the Castilian Cortes, unlikethose of the Crown of Aragon, failed to obtain a share in the legislating power. 24 cm. The advance into Africa 3. This final act of treachery by the King of Granada served only as aspur to Ferdinand and Isabella to finish for once and all with the Nasrid kingdom. These included Ferdinand's secretary, Luis de Santángel, whohelped to arrange the financing of the expedition, and the Franciscan Juan Pérez, a former confessorof the Queen, whose monastery at La Rábida gave shelter to the explorer when he first sought favourat Court. It was true that, in the person of Ferdinand, their foreign policies were likely to be fused,but in other respects they would continue to lead the lives they had led before the Union. PENGUIN BOOKS IMPERIAL SPAIN 1469–1716Sir John Elliott was born in 1930. Throughout most of the viceroyalty’s history, its mother country, or Spain, was backed by the much larger French Bourbon Dynasty. Imports of Treasure 5. It was (if I remember correctly) attributed to Henry Ward Beecher, but that had to be a bad joke. The two Crowns 3. Each of these empires wasthus caught at a moment when it was least capable of offering effective resistance, and each lackedconfidence in itself, and in its capacity for survival in a universe ruled by implacable deities, and forever poised on the brink of destruction. The faction struggles 3. It wasobviously now a matter of extreme urgency for Spain to smoke out the hornets' nest before irreparableharm was done. The Spanish Habsburgs3. But an essential prerequisite for the coincidence of royal and mercantile policies had been theeconomic vitality and expansion of the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. As a result, the fifteenth century marked the end of that close co-operationbetween dynasty and people which had been the distinguishing characteristic of Catalonia at the timeof its greatness. It succeeded in taking Mers-el-Kebir, anessential base for an attack on Oran, but Cisneros's attention was at this moment diverted to affairsnearer home, and it was not until 1509 that a new and stronger army was dispatched to Africa and thatOran was captured. Get this from a library! Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Imperial Spain 1469-1716. Download Imperial Spain -1469-1716 PDF for free. Su obra Imperial Spain 1469-1716 es un clásico en la historiografía de este periodo. Find more similar flip PDFs like Imperial Spain -1469-1716. John II of Aragon (1458–79) was faced not only byrevolution in Catalonia but also by the expansionist ambitions of Louis XI of France. Economically as much aspolitically, Spain still existed only in embryo.5. But if, in some respects,the Crown of Aragon seemed to constitute a drag upon its partner, it also provided Castile withcertain precious assets which helped it to make the most of its new opportunities. The success of the Catalan-Aragonese commercial system brought prosperity to the towns of theCrown of Aragon, and helped to consolidate powerful urban patriciates.
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