Having lived the horror of the end of the Second World War in Japan, when he was only 14 years old, Nosaka is deeply marked by the American bombings. Toho One can only remain speechless in front of the realism of the gestures of the characters or the expressions of the girl. Hara understood this very well: he went to see Kondô and convinced him to come and work for them. Nosaka ran away with Keiko, his infant "sister", but – unlike in the anime – he, and the adults around him, failed to care adequately for her, and she died in August 1945. The made-for-TV movie Grave of the Fireflies (2005) began airing on November 1, 2005, at 21:00 Japanese time. Seita relocates to an abandoned shelter, thinking their leftover money would be enough to survive through the war. In that sense, it's an erotic film and it gave me a cold sweat."[6]. Various Grave of the Fireflies home releases for VHS. He becomes a witness, whose fate we know from the start ("September 21, 1945, I died"). [3], Akiyuki Nosaka wrote the book in 1967, during a period of high economic growth. Detailed color instructions are given as cel painting was often outsourced to different studios. Takahata argued that Seita's feelings are better understood by the children in 1987, who often base decisions on whether or not they are pleasant, while during that year his generation had the belief that Seita needed to endure it. However, in the anime picture book, this part is largely omitted, and there is only a scene that suggests that the two people who are looking at the modern city of Kobe at the end are ghosts in a red state. Indeed, a historical drama would have an educational purpose and would attract many school classes, ensuring a minimum number of entries. Anime Mook Grave of the Fireflies Storyboard Collection. As Shinchôsha is a much older and more established than Tokuma Shoten, the decision to proceed with Miyazaki's project is taken very quickly. The film was released on April 16, 1988, over twenty years from the publication of the original work. When he learns of his father's death, Seita removes all the money from their mother's bank account and purchases a large quantity of food. Distributed by In the book, this literary inclination does not shock, the author describes the horror of war, famine and malnutrition, which therefore involves terrible crises of dysentery, diarrhea. Nosaka argued "On the one hand, that's very tragic, but it's also a blessed situation. He managed to restore the facial expressions as believable and moving as possible. For American and other English-speaking audiences, the name of the film was changed from the Japanese version, which directly translates roughly to, "The Disappearance of Chihiro and Sen", to "Spirited Away" to suggest more mystical, otherworldly themes, since the direct Japanese translation could be taken to mean that Chihiro/Sen disappeared due to some more dangerous reason. Seven thousand yen! I felt that way before I came in contact with this book. She is sucking marbles which she believes are fruit drops. Walt Disney Studios Japan released the complete collector's edition DVD on 6 August 2008. The movie begins in modern day Sannomiya Station It is a film adaptation of the semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by Akiyuki Nosaka, intended as a personal apology to the author's own sister who died from malnutrition during the Second World War. While the two films were marketed toward children and their parents, the starkly tragic nature of Grave of the Fireflies turned away many audiences. Grave of the Fireflies subtitles for free. "I worked on a anime called Heidi of the Alps before, and the main character starts out at the age of five. During a lecture held at Royal Abbey of Fontevraud on July 2 to 6, 2007, Takahata explained in a lecture why the film ended in contemporary Japan. As to Takahata's reasons for adapting such a tragic story into the animated medium, he explains, "It’s natural that many animated stories are adventure ones, and that’s not a bad thing in itself. Never mind that; don't you have other relatives?" [3] Nosaka added that "while there's a strong blood tie, he's shut out from being able to love her as a girl" and that his tension increases to high levels and therefore sublimation takes place. Seita and Setsuko flee the fire bombings in their hometown, an attack that led to the death of their mother. Running time Starring I’d like to depict it that way in the movie, too. The film was released on April 16, 1988, over twenty years from the publication of the short story. You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. If it’s Heidi, we can go to Switzerland to do research. Some consider that this evokes senkō hanabi, a fire droplet firework (a sparkler firework which is held upside down). Grave of the Fireflies had such a profound effect on me that not a day has gone by where I haven’t thought of this film since its viewing weeks ago. It was a nice way to accompany the frolic and tragedy of both our protagonists, highlighting the tight bond between them and highlighting the struggles that they had to go through to make ends meet. With her head on her brother's lap, she falls asleep peacefully, as a few fireflies fly through the air. Hara was therefore the producer on both films. It's something you like." Written by: Isao Takahata. Cast & Credits. These are marble pieces. "Then, it's better for you to go back to that house. Tsutomu TatsumiAyano ShiraishiYoshiko ShinoharaAkemi Yamaguchi The spirit of Seita's younger sister, Setsuko (節子), springs from the tin and is joined by Seita's spirit as well as a cloud of fireflies. Anime picture books generally faithfully follow the main part of the movie, but explain the lines, actions, and scenes that suddenly appeared. Besides this film, the original novel was adapted several times into manga, television dramas, live-action movies and a chorus suite in Japan. One of his sisters died as the result of sickness, his adoptive father died during the firebombing proper, and his younger adoptive sister Keiko died of malnutrition in Fukui. Takahata is customary for being late for his films. Grave of the Fireflies by Akiyuki Nosaka "Where did Mommy go?" #grave of the fireflies #akiyuki nosaka #kobe #japan #anime #1988 #depressing #isao takahata #firefly #fireflies #starvation #anti-war #antiwar #war world ii #animation The film “Grave of the Fireflies” indeed mirror some of the accounts I saw at the Yasukuni Shrine Museum. In the film, Seita's mind is free to move, and as the narrator, speaks from a first person perspective. The next day, Setsuko digs a grave for all of the dead insects, and asks "Why do fireflies die so soon? Grave of the Fireflies (火垂るの墓 Hotaru no Haka) is an animated film written and directed by Isao Takahata, a colleague of Hayao Miyazaki at Studio Ghibli and produced by Toru Hara. Grave of the Fireflies (火垂るの墓, Hotaru no Haka) is a 1967 semi-autobiographical short story by Japanese author Akiyuki Nosaka. , the film tells the story of two siblings, Seita and Setsuko Yokokawa, and their desperate struggle to survive during the final months of the Second World War. She said it could withstand the direct hit of a 250 kilo bomb. He gets to the point where he thinks he wouldn’t mind turning himself into nourishment for his sister. "I'm not talking about kimono or money. There's no need to worry. Seita and Setsuko catch fireflies and use them to illuminate the bomb shelter in which they live. "[3] He previously believed that boys always developed the will to live, but Seita instead chooses not to endure difficult feelings; when his aunt insults him, Seita does not act in a stoic manner and instead withdraws from the situation. If so, the title can be interpreted as A Grave for a Firefly. This is characteristic of Nosaka's style, known for his provocations, his cynicism and his taste for the description of scatological phenomena. The film score was composed by Michio Mamiya. But a talented designer was needed at the center of The Grave of the Fireflies team since Takahata did not draw. [2] It was adapted again into a live-action television film Grave of the Fireflies in 2005, and another live-action film in 2008. Two children; a boy named Seita and his much younger sister Setsuko; must quickly learn to cope with life after their mother is killed during a fire-bombing raid by American B-29's. Grave of the Fireflies (火垂るの墓 Hotaru no Haka) is a 1988 Japanese animated drama film written and directed by Isao Takahata and animated by Studio Ghibli.It is based on the 1967 semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by Akiyuki Nosaka. Mom had seven thousand yen saved in the bank. I can't get in touch with them." The aunt begins to reproach Seita: he does nothing to help at the household, demands too much to eat and his sister cries at night, preventing those who work from sleeping. As Seita begins to recount his past trauma, things flash back to the end of World War II, during the Kōbe fire bombings by American B-29 bombers. Alternatively, it may be that Setsuko is the "firefly" of the title, herself dying young. He gives all of it to his aunt, but hides a small tin of fruit drops. ... Name (required) Website. History of anime - Wikipedia 21 years later, Grave of the Fireflies was turned into a film by director Isao Takahata , animated by Studio Ghibli and co-distributed by Bandai Visual under their Emotion label and Toho . Screenplay by Setsuko and Seita, the two siblings and protagonists, are left to secure their house and their belongings in order to allow their mother, who suffers from a heart condition, to precede them to the bomb shelter. Due to her age, instead of completing the animation first and recording her voice to run parallel with the animation as with other characters in the film, they recorded her dialogue first and completed the animation afterward; the process was explained by Takahata in a 2002 interview. 2560x1600 - Anime - Grave of the Fireflies. And the image of death is lined up just behind it. If there's that much, we can manage plenty. Following the May 2009 bankruptcy and liquidation of Central Park Media, ADV Films acquired the rights and re-released it on DVD on July 7, 2009. Besides, everything's rationed now. Japan Box office Takahata preferred to avoid representing this too harsh aspect in his film, the weight of the images would probably have shocked a large number of viewers and distracted attention from the essential, the fate of Seita and Setsuko. Seita's death in the opening is seen by the author as a suicide, and his journey in the film his personal "Hell" until he reaches "Heaven". It is commonly considered an anti-war film, but this interpretation has been challenged by some critics and by the director. Poster of the Grave of the Fireflies, where the aforementioned fireflies symbolize many things in Japanese culture. Takahata argued that "It's not only the children...I think the times are becoming that way, as well" and therefore he liked the idea of adapting the story as a film. He throws it out, and from there springs the spirits of Setsuko, Seita and a group of fireflies. Editing by At the end of the film, Seita and Nosaka have reached the end of a long and painful experience. Based on Sad stories such as Grave of the Fireflies inspire peopleto search for a greater meaning in their own lives. It was later released on a two-disc DVD set (which once again included both the English dub and the original Japanese with English subtitles as well as the film's storyboards with the second disc containing a retrospective on the author of the original book, an interview with the director, and an interview with critic Roger Ebert, who felt the film was one of the greatest of all time.) Grave of the Fireflies (1988) is a Japanese animated filmwritten and directed by Isao Takahata. Black outlines were only used when it was absolutely necessary. Seita and Setsuko catch fireflies and use them to illuminate the bomb shelter in which they live. Puzzled, he asks her the reason for this behavior. Grave of the Fireflies had a pretty simple soundtrack to its name, and if I were to give one word to describe it, it would be “sentimental”. In the film, we also learn the nature of the two children's ailments: it is scabies (skin infestation caused by mites). Rushing back to the shelter, he finds a dying Setsuko hallucinating. English He uses supplies donated to him by a farmer and places Setsuko in a large wicker basket and sets it on fire, while the fireflies fly around to the sky. [3] Nosaka said that "[i]n the end, it turns out that the days leading up to their death are like the development of a love story. But I remember that when I saw this film for the first time, the character of the young boy, played by Georges Poujouly, marked me almost even more. → See also Grave of the Fireflies/Release. It was written as a personal apology to Keiko, regarding her death. Lunch will be white rice, so bear it and eat it.". In an interview, Akiyuki Nosaka recounted that right after he collected his sister's bones and started wandering aimlessly, electricity was restored to the city. He then contacted the famous publisher Shinchôsha, who at the time had a great interest in film adaptations of his books, and offered the publishing house to adapt The Grave of the Fireflies. WhiteLily. Fireflies are also symbolic of the human soul ("Hitodama"), which is depicted as a floating, flickering fireball. , but then quickly flashes back to the past. "[3] Nosaka added that after their mother, their sole guardian, dies, Seita "decides to become the guardian of his little sister, even if it means making an enemy out of the world. The story is based on the semi-autobiographic novel by the same name, whose author, the late Akiyuki Nosaka, lost his sister Keiko due to malnutrition in 1945 wartime Japan. Particular firefly symbolism in the movie: Mature fireflies which emit light have extremely short life spans of two to three weeks and are traditionally regarded as a symbol of impermanence, which resonates with much of classical Japanese tradition (as with cherry blossoms). Setsuko runs up towards Seita. Seita thinks the situation is temporary and hopes to hear from her father, a naval officer soon. In the evening, the two children collect a good quantity of fireflies which they release in the cabin. Isao Takahata respected this interpretation very scrupulously. The film begins at Sannomiya Station on 21 September 1945, shortly after the end of World War II. Nosaka Akiyuki was born in Kamakura, a seaside Japanese city just south of Tokyo in 1930, but his mother died soon after giving birth and Nosaka was adopted by an aunt in Manchidani-cho, Kobe (far to the west), whom he believed to be his mother. Overwhelmed by this gesture, remembering the unbearable images of her mother's body thrown into a pit, Seita can no longer contain herself and cries bitterly. semi-autobiographical novel of the same name, Chicago International Children's Film Festival, "Hotaru no Haka". On July 29, 2005, a DVD release was distributed through Warner Home Video. The 2005 film “Grave of the Fireflies (Hotaru no Haka)” is set in Kobe at the latter part of the Second World War until the defeat of Japan.It is the live action version of Isao Takahata’s animated film from 1988 based on the original short story written by Akiyuki Nosaka in 1967. Their mother doesn’t make it to her shelter and is badly injured in the bombing, and her children never see her alive again. "[2] He added that he wished to place Seita, the main character, "in an idealized situation." "What's this, Setsuko?". , Kōbe "[2], "The Animerica Interview: Takahata and Nosaka: Two Grave Voices in Animation. "In Forbidden Games, of course, there is of course the character of the girl played by Brigitte Fossey, quite remarkable and which certainly marked me. [1], Some critics, most notably Roger Ebert Using the proceeds from Nausicaä, The Story of Yanagawa's Canals was produced by Hayao Miyazaki and completed in 1987. Isao Takahata Once in safety, and after having let pass the black rain of the bombs that pours on his town, he undertakes to return towards the charred ruins with his little sister. Watching fireflies is another summer family tradition. A boy, Seita (清太), is shown dying of starvation. Narrated by Totoro, Grave of the Fireflies BDs English-Subbed in Japan (Apr 20, 2012) L.A. Grave of the Fireflies image boards by Yoshiyuki Momose. Produced by "[3] Setsuko acts as Seita's spiritual support while Setsuko relies on Seita for nourishment. Let's go there after we rest a while." It's an animated film set in Japan during the closing days of World War II. I didn't put anything about this in the novel. As the Empire of the Sun crumbles upon itself and a rain of firebombs falls upon Japan, the final death march of a nation is echoed in millions of smaller tragedies. , consider it to be one of the most powerful anti-war movies ever made. Nosaka has described his path as circling incessantly around a vortex – and literary critic Setsuji Shimizu has likened this circling to that of a vulture circling his own memory. Nobuo Koyama Yukiyoshi Hane. This visit was decisive for the making of the film. The atmosphere at home had become tense. For the sets, while for My Neighbor Totoro Miyazaki called on Kazuo Oga , Takahata worked with Nizô Yamamoto. Grave of the Fireflies (火垂るの墓, Hotaru no Haka?) Hotaru no Haka "[3], Nosaka said that the death of his sister was "an exact match with the novel. One night, in the summer of 1945, 100,000 incendiary bombs were dropped on the Japanese city of Okayama. On top of that, I haven’t depicted Japan before. Well-known movie commentator Haruo Mizuno provides commentary for Grave of the Fireflies. The song Home Sweet Home was performed by coloratura soprano Amelita Galli-Curci. Animators often traveled to foreign countries to do research on how to depict them, but such research had not been done before for a Japanese setting. Night on the Galactic Railroad (1985), Tale of Genji (1986), and Grave of the Fireflies (1988) were all ambitious films based on important literary works in Japan. ", so the title might serve to heighten the symbolic and thematic significance of the incident. 3840x1080 - Anime - Grave of the Fireflies. One evening, she asks Seita to sell her mother's things to bring back some rice. When finally caught, he realizes his desperation and takes an increasingly-ill Setsuko to a doctor, who informs him that Setsuko is suffering from malnutrition. "[4], Nosaka said that Setsuko also has to grow up quickly, and she takes the role of Seita's mother, "and at other times, the role of his lover. Grave of the Fireflies 18. Shinchosha Publishing Japanese nouns do not change to form plurals, so hotaru can refer to one fireflyor many. That's what he can do eleven years later, thanks to computers, with My Neighbors the Yamada . [16] Madman Entertainment released the film in Australia and New Zealand. Grave of the Fireflies (火垂るの墓, Hotaru no Haka) is a 1967 semi-autobiographical short story by Japanese author Akiyuki Nosaka. The shelter behind the fire station. The story of Seita and Satsuko, two young Japanese siblings, living in the declining days of World War II. He subsequently moved to Tokyo, where he was caught stealing and was left in a juvenile detention center, where he witnessed many of his fellow inmates die of starvation. Seita's spirit then begins to narrate their story alongside an extended flashback t… The story is almost the same as the original, but there are some differences. This narrator tells the story from a third person perspective, creating some distance. When Kobe was fire-bombed in June 5, 1945, his adopted father was killed and his "mother" badly injured. Alternatively, it may be that Setsuko is the "firefly" of the title, herself dying young, and the only member of her family to receiv… Gradually, they begin to run out of rice, and Setsuko begins to starve. This will ultimately result in the film being released with an unfinished scene. On the second day that they stay there, Seita goes out to get the left over supplies which he had buried in the ground to preserve them before the bombing which killed their mother. This is a film of rare depth and emotion. Seita turns to stealing from local farmers and looting homes during air raids for supplies. When Seita and Setsuko moved in with their aunt, they immediately shirked their responsibilities. Cinematography After a falling out with their aunt, they move into an abandoned bomb shelter. Alternatively, pairing the two kanji for "fire" and "dangle down" may also be a metaphor for the experience of aerial bombing using incendiary weapons. However, when it came to work on The Grave of the Fireflies in 1987, Takahata was made to understand that it was not possible to experiment with anything, as the film was due for release in March of the year. For The Grave of the Fireflies, he is no exception to the rule: the film is considerably behind schedule. But that hasn’t been done for a Japanese story.". Release date(s) Seita looks at the viewer, then turns her head towards the lights of the skyscrapers of a modern city... Nosaka Akiyuki was seen as a very colorful personality in Japan. Yumi Furuya. One will notice the big difference between the works of the two artistic directors: the closed world of The Grave of the Fireflies is opposed to the very open world described in Totoro . [10] The initial Japanese theatrical release was accompanied by Hayao Miyazaki's My Neighbor Totoro as a double feature. This is the first film produced by Shinchosha Publishing, who hired Studio Ghibli to do the animation production work. But to produce two films at the same time, one of the two films must be financed by another producer. The cohabitation goes smoothly for several days: the widow takes advantage of the provisions, while Seita and Setsuko receive a roof on their head and food. In addition to the shortness of the production period, there were technical problems due to the launch of two simultaneous productions. The two children thus continue their existence without worrying about the future. Director Isao Takahata tasked Studio Ghibli colorist Michiyo Yasuda to work with dark color tones, something she admitted hadn't been done often in their previous projects. But soon the situation deteriorates. • It was released in 1988 with a budget of 3.7 million USD and it … [11] It was one of the last Studio Ghibli films to get an English-language premiere by GKIDS.[12]. ajak60. Seita and Setsuko's spirit stare at modern day Japan. Grave of the Fireflies is the only theatrical Studio Ghibli feature film prior to From Up on Poppy Hill to which Disney never had North American distribution rights, since it was not produced by Ghibli for parent company Tokuma Shoten but for Shinchosha, the publisher of the original short story (although Disney has the Japanese distribution rights themselves, thus replacing both the film's original Japanese theatrical distributor, Toho and original Japanese home video distributor, Bandai Visual). Directed by Here, Seita (清太), a 14-year-old boy, is shown dying of starvation. In order to pass the time, he takes Setsuko to the seaside and plays with her carefree, which reminds the young boy of the happiness of the past. It is based on his experiences before, during, and after the firebombing of Kobe in 1945. Later that night, having removed Seita's body, a janitor digs through his possessions and finds a candy tin which he throws away into a nearby field. Grave of the Fireflies author Nosaka Akiyuki on how he feels about Takahata adapting his experience some 43-years prior in animated form. This stylistic process allows the viewer to identify with the characters and therefore gives an intense and dramatic tone to the film. This can evoke images of fireflies as droplets of fire. 1600x900 - Anime - Grave of the Fireflies. Production Innocently, Setsuko replies that she is digging a grave for the fireflies, her aunt having explained to her that this had been done for her mother. In the Japanese title of the movie the word hotaru (firefly) is written not with its usual kanji 蛍 but with the two kanji 火 (hi, fire) and 垂 (tareru, to dangle down, as a droplet of water about to fall from a leaf). I felt something in common with Chikamatsu’s double-suicide plays. [3], Nosaka said that in the story, Seita "got increasingly transformed into a better human being" since he was trying to "compensate for everything I couldn't do myself" and that he was never "kind like the main character." Original title: 火垂るの墓. ", Sankei, "Grave of the Fireflies: Film Creation", Buta Connection, "The Animerica Interview: Takahata and Nosaka: Two Grave Voices in Animation", Animerica, Ghibli Blog (1994), "GKIDS extends its Studio Ghibli alliance to ‘Grave of the Fireflies’", Uproxx, "Central Park Media Files for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy (Update 2)", Anime News Network, "Grave of the Fireflies Bluray (2012), Amazon, "Kiki's Delivery Service and Grave of the Fireflies Double Play Released Monday", Anime News Network, The Invention of Imaginary Machines of Destruction, Ghibli Was Born This Way: A Birth Story Spelled Out With Reproduced Images, World Journey of My Memory / Journey of the Heart, A Ghibli Artisan – Kazuo Oga Exhibition – The Man Who Painted Totoro's Forest, Poppy Hill - 300 Days of War Between Father and Son, Until The End of The Creation of When Marnie Was There, NHK Image File: I Want To Meet This Person - Isao Takahata, Animation Film Director, Joe Hisaishi Symphonic Concert: The Music of Studio Ghibli, Studio Ghibli's Trajectory as Seen on Animage (1984-2011), Children's Picture Book Ghibli's Dining Table Earwig and the Witch, https://ghibli.fandom.com/wiki/Grave_of_the_Fireflies?oldid=124991, Eiji Hirakawa, Eiko Sudo, Fukiko Hashizume, Junko Ina, Mutsuo Koseki, Noriko Higuchi, Seiki Tamura, Shūichi Hirata, Toru Hishiyama, Yōji Nakaza, Yoshinari Kinbako, Akemi Hosotani, Chieko Machida, Etsuko Ohno, Fujino Yonei, Fumiko Saito, Haremi Miyakawa, Harumi Machii, Hideko Sato, Hisako Sagara, Hisako Shitara, Homi Abe, Ikue Nakayama, Junko Igarashi, Junko Yoshikawa, Kazue Hiranuma, Kazue Shiki, Kimie Ishida, Kyooko Ootake, Manami Beppu, Matsuko Horii, Mayumi Watabe, Michiko Nishimaki, Michiyo Iseda, Mieko Asai, Miwako Shibata, Naomi Takahashi, Nobuko Igarashi, Nobuko Nakata, Nobuko Sano, Nobuko Watanabe, Norichika Iwakiri, Reiko Aonuma, Reiko Nanami, Rie Aoki, Rie Yasui, Shinichi Toyonaga, Shizuko Hirai, Taeko Sakuma, Takao Yoshikawa, Takiko Kubota, Tokuko Harada, Toshiko Tawara, Tsutomu Kosuge, Yasuko Yamaguchi, Yoshiko Takasago, Yoshimi Sakuma, Yuki Takagi, Yukiko Matsushita, Yukitaka Shishikai, Yumi Furuya, Yumi Hattori, Yumiko Ichikawa, Akemi Motohashi, Ako Takano, Atsushi Irie, Aya Satou, Chieko Shiobara, Eiichiro Hirata, Eiichiro Nishiyama, Hideaki Furusawa, Hiromi Kosuda, Hiroshi Inada, Hiroyuki Horiuchi, Hiroyuki Kamura, Hitoshi Kagiyama, Junko Isaka, Kasumi Hara, Keiko Sakuma, Masahiko Ōuchi, Masashi Kaneko, Mayumi Fujimoto, Mayumi Suzuki, Midori Nagaoka, Midori Yamada, Nobuko Sato, Osamu Tanabe, Sachiko Yoneyama, Seiji Handa, Shigehito Tsuji, Shiro Shibata, Sumie Nishido, Takao Maki, Takao Yoshino, Takuya Iinuma, Tatsuji Narita, Tazuko Fukutsuchi, Tokihiko Oota, Tomoko Takei, Tsutomu Awada, Yoko Kida, Yoshie Kawahashi, Yoshimi Kanbara, Yuichi Katayama, Yuko Ogawa, Yumi Kawachi, Yuriko Saito, Yuzumi Enosawa, Kenji Sasaki, Kenjiro Yagi, Kunioki Hatsumi, Shizuya Shibata, Shunichi Satō, Tadahiko Arai, Takanobu Sato, Takashi Nitta, Takuo Murase, Actual fireflies (who died and are buried by Setsuko), The children themselves, especially Setsuko, who died young, Kamikaze planes and pilots: Setsuko observes that a passing kamikaze plane looks like a firefly, Incendiary bomblets (as in the title kanji).
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