Back in 1952 the coal being shovelled into furnaces in homes and factories across London released sulphur dioxide. Flue-gas washing reduced the temperature of the flue-gases; so they did not rise but instead slumped to a ground level, causing a local nuisance. The smog was so dense that it even seeped indoors, resulting in cancellation or abandonment of concerts and film screenings as visibility decreased in large enclosed spaces, and stages and screens became harder to see from the seats. [20] Most of the victims were very young or elderly, or had pre-existing respiratory problems. De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie. At the time, residents paid little attention to the strange event, writing it off as just another natural fog, but once it lifted, people started dying. But it wasn't because of ghost pirates. However, recent similar pollution-based fog over parts of the Eastern world, especially in China, have helped modern scientists pinpoint what the likely cause of London’s killer fog had been. While better-quality "hard" coals (such as anthracite) tended to be exported to pay off World War II debts,[10] post-war domestic coal tended to be of a relatively low-grade, sulphurous variety (similar to lignite) which increased the amount of sulphur dioxide in the smoke. Dit was de eerste stap op weg naar schonere buitenlucht in het Verenigd Koninkrijk.[1]. On December 4th 1952 the city of London found itself trapped underneath a wall of fog and by December 9th when the fog finally lifted, roughly 12,000 had died. Government medical reports in the weeks following the event estimated that up to 4,000 people had died as a direct result of the smog[1] and 100,000 more were made ill by the smog's effects on the human respiratory tract. Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 27 feb 2021 om 20:46. The Great Smog, which blanketed the British capital for five days in December 1952, is estimated by some experts to have killed more than 12,000 people and hospitalized 150,000. There were also numerous coal-fired power stations in the Greater London area, including Fulham, Battersea, Bankside, Greenwich and Kingston upon Thames, all of which added to the pollution. For five days in December 1952, a fog that contained pollutants enveloped all of London. Eines davon war die Emission von schwefeldioxidhaltigem Rauch durch die weit verbreiteten Kohle-Heizungen. London has suffered since the 13th century from poor air quality[6] and this worsened in the 1600s. A scene of cloudy London. Under a perfect set of conditions, a combination of air pollution and fog combined into one of the … The Great Smog of London, or Great Smog of 1952, was a severe air pollution event that affected London, England, in December 1952. A preliminary report, never finalised, blamed those deaths on an influenza epidemic. Een periode van koud weer, een hogedrukgebied en windstille omstandigheden zorgde ervoor dat luchtvervuiling, vooral afkomstig van de verbranding van steenkool in fabrieken en woningen, niet kon ontsnappen en als een dikke deken over de stad kwam te liggen. The Big Smoke developed in London on Dec. 5, 1952, triggered by a period of cold weather collecting airborne pollutants, mainly from the coal fires that were used to heat homes at the time… Other industrial and commercial sources also contributed to the air pollution. De Grote Smog van 1952 (Great Smog of '52) was een smogophoping die de Britse stad Londen teisterde in december 1952. When a thick fog swept over London in December of 1952, no one batted an eye. Een periode van koud weer, een hogedrukgebied en windstille omstandigheden zorgde ervoor dat luchtvervuiling, vooral afkomstig van de verbranding van steenkool in fabrieken en woningen, niet kon ontsnappen en als een dikke deken over de stad kwam te liggen. ", Davis, Devra L. "A look back at the London smog of 1952 and the half-century since. For five days in December 1952, a fog that contained pollutants enveloped all of London. [1] Emerging evidence revealed that only a fraction of the deaths could be from influenza. [1][2], Environmental legislation since 1952, such as the City of London (Various Powers) Act 1954 and the Clean Air Acts of 1956 and 1968, led to a reduction in air pollution. On the December 4 an anticyclone settled over the cold, windless London which caused a “temperature inversion” – where cold, stagnant air is trapped under a layer of warm air. This combination of smoke and fog brought the city to a near standstill and resulted in thousands of deaths. In early December 1952, London’s famous fog turned into a yellow smog. Photo: TopFoto / The Image Works [23][24][25] The lung infections were mainly bronchopneumonia or acute purulent bronchitis superimposed upon chronic bronchitis. At first, the weather phenomenon was hardly noticed, but as visibility got worse and worse until even the traffic in the city came to a standstill, some inhabitants of London started to get an uneasy feeling. A weather report over the wireless calls the fog “a real pea soup-er.” Initially, just a few bureaucrats are concerned due to a similar event several years earlier in Donora, Pennsylvania. Smog had become a frequent part of London life, but nothing quite compared to the smoke-laden fog that shrouded the capital from Friday 5 December to Tuesday 9 December 1952. But over the next few days, conditions deteriorated, and … In the weeks that ensued, however, statistics compiled by medical services found that the fog had killed 4,000 people. De Great Smog is bekend komen te staan als het ernstigste geval van luchtvervuiling in het Verenigd Koninkrijk. In the past hundred years only the peak week of the influenza pandemic in November 1918 produced more deaths over the expected normal than did the man-made fog of 2 months ago. Heavy fogs have long been a part of life in London. [26][27], Research published in 2004 suggests that the number of fatalities was considerably greater than contemporary estimates, at about 12,000. A period of unusually cold weather, combined with an anticyclone and windless conditions, collected airborne pollutants—mostly arising from the use of coal—to form a thick layer of smog over the city. [5] The relatively large size of the water droplets in London fog allowed the production of sulphates without the acidity of the liquid rising high enough to stop the reaction, and the resultant dilute acid become concentrated when the fog was burned away by the sun. Reassessment of the lethal London fog of 1952: novel indicators of acute and chronic consequences of acute exposure to air pollution. Great Smog of London, lethal smog that covered the city of London for five days (December 5–9) in 1952, caused by a combination of industrial pollution and high-pressure weather conditions.
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