Classical historians were divided as to the motives of Spartacus. [17] In 73 BC, Spartacus was among a group of gladiators plotting an escape. just as Spartacus and his fellow gladiators had been forced to. However, according to Cicero (Ad Atticum VI, ii, 8) at the beginning his followers were much less than 50. communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of Spartacus, "Tribes, Dynasts and Kingdoms of Northern Greece: History and Numismatics", "AUSXIP Spartacus: Blood and Sand TV Show Lucy Lawless Sam Raimi & Rob Tapert", https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/ctbn8d/outnumbered--s5-e6-spartacus-the-musical/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spartacus&oldid=1015513331, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011, Articles with failed verification from October 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2013, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Spartak Odesa, a football team competed in the, Spartak Kharkiv, a football team competed in the, The "Spartacus Overture" was written by composer. Spartacus's name was also used in athletics in the Soviet Union and communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Spartacus War is the dramatic and factual account of one of history's great rebellions. Wer war Spartacus – und, gab es ihn wirklich? By the end of 71 BC, Spartacus was encamped in Rhegium (Reggio Calabria), near the Strait of Messina. He defeated nine Roman armies and kept Rome at bay for two years before he was defeated. Caesar's masterly manipulation allows a triumphant Roman recapture of Sinessa. The Spartakiad was a Soviet bloc version of the Olympic games. Feints, ruses, tricks, and stratagems were all chapters in the Thracian war manual. Ja, einschlägigen Forschungen zur Folge hat es Spartacus tatsächlich gegeben. "Spartakus. Die Sonne brennt, Schweiß rinnt dem jungen Mann in Bächen den Körper hinab, und endlos prasseln die Hiebe seines Gegners auf ihn ein. [citation needed], In the spring of 72 BC, the rebels left their winter encampments and began to move northward. They sent a force of 3,000 soldiers to quell it. It was particularly alarming to Rome because its military seemed powerless to suppress it. [47] Six thousand survivors of the revolt captured by the legions of Crassus were crucified, lining the Appian Way from Rome to Capua.[48]. Und interessierte Gotthold Ephraim Lessing vor allem der antityrannische Gestus des antiken Rebellen, so sah die sozialistische Linke seit Karl Marx in ihm vor allem denjenigen, der aufsteht für … [27] They spent the winter of 73–72 BC training, arming and equipping their new recruits, and expanding their raiding territory to include the towns of Nola, Nuceria, Thurii and Metapontum. Seit der Antike gibt es die unterschiedlichsten Beurteilungen. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In these altercations Spartacus proved to be an excellent tactician, suggesting that he may have had previous military experience. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Overview of Spartacus's life, including a discussion of the Gladiatorial War. Spartacus kann nicht mehr. Eine Gegengeschichte des Altertums nach den Legenden der Zigeuner". Though the rebels lacked military training, they displayed a skilful use of available local materials and unusual tactics when facing the disciplined Roman armies. Updates? Als er einem anderen Sklaven helfen will, wird er dafür gepeitscht. According to the differing sources and their interpretation, Spartacus was a captive taken by the legions. Now we wonder whether Spartacus wasn’t the first insurgent. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Little is known about him beyond the events of the war, and surviving historical accounts are sometimes contradictory. He was captured and subsequently sold as a slave. Gannicus stays behind to cover the retreat of Spartacus and most warriors onto the icy mountain ridge, where they are pinned down in dire conditions. Several sports clubs around the world, in particular the former Soviet and the Communist bloc, were named after the Roman gladiator. Spartacus's name was chosen in numerous football sides in Slavic Europe. At that time, upper-class men were trained at a young age to ride horses. The chroniclers Appian and Plutarch provide the greatest detail about Spartacus's final battle against Crassus. Pompey’s army intercepted and killed many slaves who were escaping northward, and 6,000 prisoners were crucified by Crassus along the Appian Way. [5] Appian says he was "a Thracian by birth, who had once served as a soldier with the Romans, but had since been a prisoner and sold for a gladiator".[6]. [49] If escaping the Italian peninsula was indeed his goal, it is not clear why Spartacus turned south after defeating the legions commanded by the consuls Lucius Publicola and Gnaeus Clodianus, which left his force a clear passage over the Alps. Destined for the arena, in 73 bce he, with a band of his fellow gladiators, broke out of a training school at Capua and took refuge on Mt. Plutarch writes that Spartacus wished to escape north into Cisalpine Gaul and disperse his men back to their homes. [38] After this, Crassus's legions were victorious in several engagements, forcing Spartacus farther south through Lucania as Crassus gained the upper hand. None of Spartacus's actions overtly suggest that he aimed at reforming Roman society or abolishing slavery. [49][clarification needed], Toussaint Louverture, a leader of the slave revolt that led to the independence of Haiti, has been called the "Black Spartacus". But these were not seasoned, hard core Roman soldiers. After two years Spartacus' army numbered 90,000 men and controlled most of southern Italy. Sie wird behandelt und gekleidet wie eineSklavin, auch wenn sie höheres Ansehen hat als eine normale Sklavin. [52][53], Adam Weishaupt, founder of the Bavarian Illuminati, often referred to himself as Spartacus within written correspondences.[54]. [43], When the legions managed to catch a portion of the rebels separated from the main army,[44] discipline among Spartacus's forces broke down as small groups independently attacked the oncoming legions. These defeats are depicted in divergent ways by the two most comprehensive (extant) histories of the war by Appian and Plutarch.[31][32][33][34]. He then turned back south in an effort to reach Sicily but was defeated by Marcus Licinius Crassus. Gladiators were often prisoners of war or slaves, but sometimes they were recruited from former soldiers. The name Spartacus is otherwise manifested in the Black Sea region. Spartacus, (died 71 bce), leader in the Gladiatorial War (73–71 bce) against Rome. A large number of the nobility in England joined the king's army. After his final battle, 6,000 of his followers were captured and crucified along Rome's main southern highway. Er liebt sie mehr als alles andere auf der Welt und würde alles für sie tun. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! The Third Servile War, also called by Plutarch the Gladiator War and the War of Spartacus, was the last in a series of slave rebellions against the Roman Republic, known as the Servile Wars. The final battle that saw the assumed defeat of Spartacus in 71 BC took place on the present territory of Senerchia on the right bank of the river Sele in the area that includes the border with Oliveto Citra up to those of Calabritto, near the village of Quaglietta, in the High Sele Valley, which at that time was part of Lucania. However, all sources agree that he was a former gladiator and an accomplished military leader. Als seine Frau stirbt, findet er anfangs keinen Sinn … The Third was the only one directly to threaten the Roman heartland of Italy. [39] Spartacus's forces then retreated toward Rhegium. Two volumes. Spartacus was beaten by a Roman general, Crassus, who had learned how to defeat an insurgency. These fighters carried a large oblong shield (scutum), and used a sword with a broad, straight blade (gladius), about 18 inches long. Paperback. Furthermore, the Romans considered the rebellion more of a policing matter than a war. Doch auch wenn er fast umfällt vor Erschöpfung: Er muss weiter sein Schwert schwingen und die Attacken abwehren. [18] The escaped slaves defeated soldiers sent after them, plundered the region surrounding Capua, recruited many other slaves into their ranks, and eventually retired to a more defensible position on Mount Vesuvius.[20][21]. Though ordered not to engage the rebels, Mummius attacked at a seemingly opportune moment but was routed. Crassus's legions followed and upon arrival built fortifications across the isthmus at Rhegium,[citation needed] despite harassing raids from the rebels. The march for freedom degenerated into gang warfare and, as so often in history, the revolution failed.” According to Plutarch, Spartacus made a bargain with Cilician pirates to transport him and some 2,000 of his men to Sicily, where he intended to incite a slave revolt and gather reinforcements. The Spartacus War is the dramatic and factual account of one of history's great rebellions. But the rebels were partly to blame for their failure. Spartacus (Greek: Σπάρτακος Spártakos; Latin: Spartacus; c. 111–71 BC) was a Thracian gladiator who, along with Crixus, Gannicus, Castus, and Oenomaus, was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic. Die der Waffen kundigen Sklaven standen unter dem Kommando von SPARTACUS, einem Nachkommen des Königshauses der Thraker. [3], The Greek essayist Plutarch describes Spartacus as "a Thracian of Nomadic stock",[4] in a possible reference to the Maedi tribe. Corrections? Rome dispatched militia under the command of praetor Gaius Claudius Glaber, who besieged Spartacus and his camp on Mount Vesuvius, hoping that starvation would force Spartacus to surrender. Unter seinem Befehl stehen etwa 3.000 Soldaten. Though few in number, they seized kitchen utensils, fought their way free from the school, and seized several wagons of gladiatorial weapons and armour. Er rebelliert und beißt den Sklavenaufseher ins Bein. Denn nach einigen Monaten auf der Flucht, verschanzen sich die Revoltierenden am Vesuv. Die Varianz zwischen Wer war spartacus ist ganz klar besonders vielseitig. He was a heavyweight gladiator called a murmillo. However, he was betrayed by the pirates, who took payment and then abandoned the rebels. However, they were unable to break out of Italy and reach their homelands. [7] The authors refer to the Thracian tribe of the Maedi,[8][9][10] which occupied the area on the southwestern fringes of Thrace, along its border with the Roman province of Macedonia – present day south-western Bulgaria. Outnumbered, Spartacus' army was defeated at a place called Apulia. Plutarch, Appian and Florus all claim that Spartacus died during the battle, but Appian also reports that his body was never found. However, all sources agree that he was a former gladiator and an accomplished military leader. Bei der Endnote zählt viele Eigenschaften, damit relevantes Testergebniss zustande kommt. Sie hat eine warme, mütterliche Aura. währenden Römischen Republik. Spartacus defeated the two consuls for the year 72 and fought his way northward toward the Alps, hoping to be able to disperse his soldiers to their homelands once they were outside Italy. Five out of twenty Kings of the Thracian Spartocid dynasty of the Cimmerian Bosporus[12] and Pontus[13] are known to have borne it, and a Thracian "Sparta" "Spardacus"[14] or "Sparadokos",[15] father of Seuthes I of the Odrysae, is also known. Anfangs, als er versklavt wurde, gehorcht er Batiatus erst dann, als Batiatus einverstanden ist, seine Frau zu suchen, sodass sie und Spartacus wieder zusammen sein können.Seit Batiatus und Spartacus diese Abmachung haben, ist es sein Ziel, der beste Gladiator zu werden, um so Suras und seine Freiheit zu erkaufen. Spartacus is said to have tried to engage Crassus directly but was wounded and driven to one knee. A Thracian by birth, Spartacus served in the Roman army, perhaps deserted, led bandit raids, and was caught and sold as a slave. Spartacus’ Heer war entscheidend geschwächt, weil eine Gruppe unter Führung des gallischen Ex-Gladiators Crixus sich abgespalten hatte (offensichtlich wollten … Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Based on the events in late 73 BC and early 72 BC, which suggest independently operating groups of escaped slaves[51] and a statement by Plutarch, it appears that some of the escaped slaves preferred to plunder Italy, rather than escape over the Alps. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Appian and Florus write that he intended to march on Rome itself. [16] Spartacus was trained at the gladiatorial school (ludus) near Capua belonging to Lentulus Batiatus. With Liam McIntyre, Manu Bennett, Dustin Clare, Daniel Feuerriegel. [29] The two legions were initially successful—defeating a group of 30,000 rebels commanded by Crixus near Mount Garganus[30]—but then were defeated by Spartacus. Spartacus was Thracian but many of his men were Celts; they were proud, independent and fighting-mad. The rebellion was led by the Thracian gladiator Spartacus, whose following of escaped slaves and gladiators eventually grew in size to 120,000.After early victories at Mount Vesuvius and Metapontum in 73-72 BC, Spartacus' goal of … Spartacus was a Thracian who had served in the Roman army but seems to have deserted. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Spartacus League a German revolutionary socialist group (the Spartacists) founded in 1916 by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht (18711919) with the aims of overthrowing the government and ending the First World War; they took their name from the Thracian slave and revolutionary Spartacus. He combined Thracian speed and stealth with Roman organization and discipline. Also due to Social War, some of Spartacus' ranks were legion veterans. [18], About 70[19] slaves were part of the plot. Eine aussichtslose Situation, wie es … Spartacus was apparently both competent and humane, although the revolt he led inspired terror throughout Italy. Noch gefährlicher war runde 30 Jahre später der Aufstand des SPARTACUS, der größte Sklavenaufstand, der das Römische Reich bis in seine Grundfesten erzittern ließ: Er begann 73 v. Karl Marx listed Spartacus as one of his heroes and described him as "the most splendid fellow in the whole of ancient history" and a "great general, noble character, real representative of the ancient proletariat". After his final battle, 6,000 of his followers were captured and crucified along Rome's main southern highway. Spartacus ist ein Thraker mit einer unsterblichen Liebe zu seiner Frau Sura. Tribal divisions turned the rebels into feuding cliques who ignored their chief. [24] At its height Spartacus led an army derived of many different people, Celts, Gauls, and more. [38] Minor sources mention that there were some attempts at raft and shipbuilding by the rebels as a means to escape, but that Crassus took unspecified measures to ensure the rebels could not cross to Sicily, and their efforts were abandoned. The response of the Romans was hampered by the absence of the Roman legions, which were already engaged in fighting a revolt in Spain and the Third Mithridatic War. [42] When Crassus refused, Spartacus and his army broke through the Roman fortifications and headed up the Bruttium peninsula with Crassus's legions in pursuit. [28] The distance between these locations and the subsequent events indicate that the slaves operated in two groups commanded by the remaining leaders Spartacus and Crixus. Spartacus led the third and largest slave revolt against Rome. Ultimately their numbers grew to at least 90,000. Thracian gladiator who led a slave uprising, harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFStrauss2009 (. The Spartacus War is also a tale of ethnic conflict. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Wer war spartacus - Unser Testsieger . This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Spartacus-Roman-gladiator, Spartacus - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Know the courageous life and leader of the Gladiatorial War, Spartacus. Er wird zum Tode durch Verhungern verurteilt. [55] Spartacus has been a great inspiration to left-wing revolutionaries, most notably the German Spartacus League (1915–18), a forerunner of the Communist Party of Germany. Kore ist eine schlanke, intelligente und gutaussehende junge Frau mit langem, dunkelbraunem Haar und braunen Augen. "[26] Of the people who fought in Spartacus' army, it shows that the revolt did not have the goal of freeing all slaves. Spartacus was beaten by a Roman general, Crassus, who had learned how to defeat an insurgency. Sie trägt ein dunkelgelbes Kleid, das in der Mitte der Brust nach unten hin geöffnet und goldenen Stickereien verziert ist. Omissions? In the beginning, Rome underestimated the rebellion. But the rebels were partly to blame for their failure. According to the surviving sources, Spartacus was from Thrace, an area in southeast Europe that the Romans were often trying to subjugate during the first century B.C.. Alles erdenkliche wieviel du also im Themenfeld Wer war spartacus erfahren wolltest, siehst du bei uns - ergänzt durch die genauesten Wer war spartacus Erfahrungen. In 71 BC the Roman senate sent a large army to deal with Spartacus. Alarmed at the continued threat posed by the slaves, the Senate charged Marcus Licinius Crassus, the wealthiest man in Rome and the only volunteer for the position,[35] with ending the rebellion. Rome's legions were sorely challenged by rebellious slaves and gladiators led up and down the Italian boot by the determined Thracian named Spartacus This page was last edited on 1 April 2021, at 22:16. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. SPARTACUS hatte an den Befreiungskämpfen seines Volkes gegen die Römer teilgenommen, war in Ge… [45] Spartacus now turned his forces around and brought his entire strength to bear on the legions in a last stand, in which the rebels were routed completely, with the vast majority of them being killed on the battlefield.[46]. Die zahlenmäßig überlegenen und kampferprobten Römer kreisen Spartacus und seine Anhänger ein. This rebellion, interpreted by some as an example of oppressed people fighting for their freedom against a slave-owning oligarchy, has provided inspiration for many political thinkers, and has been featured in literature, television, and film. After defeating two Roman forces in succession, the rebels overran most of southern Italy. Genner, Michael. Little is known about him beyond the events of the war, and surviving historical accounts are sometimes contradictory. In modern times, Spartacus became an icon for communists and socialists. [53] Spartacus Books, one of the longest running collectively-run leftist book stores in North America, is also named in his honour. Ein Fehler, wie sich herausstellen soll. Spartacus was a man of strong character and intelligence. The rebels were now under siege and cut off from their supplies. Lentulus Batiatus, Betreiber einer Gladiatorenschule, besichtigt den Steinbruch und ist von Spartacus Charakter und seiner guten körperlichen Verfassung beeindruckt. Once free, the escaped gladiators chose Spartacus and two Gallic slaves—Crixus and Oenomaus—as their leaders. The rural slave lived a life in the frontier thus better equipping themselves to march with Spartacus' army. [56] A January 1919 uprising by communists in Germany was called the Spartacist uprising. In contrast, urban slaves were more suited for city life, being considered "privileged" and "lazy. The Third Servile War, also known as the Gladiator War, was a major slave rebellion against the Roman Republic which occurred from 73 to 71 BC. [40], At this time, the legions of Pompey returned from Hispania and were ordered by the Senate to head south to aid Crassus. Hemmed in by Crassus’s eight legions, Spartacus’s army divided. [2] Although this interpretation is not specifically contradicted by classical historians, no historical account mentions that the goal was to end slavery in the Republic. Directed by Mark Beesley. Florus described him as one "who, from a Thracian mercenary, had become a Roman soldier, that had deserted and became enslaved, and afterward, from consideration of his strength, a gladiator". At the end of 1918 the group became the German Communist Party, which in 1919 organized an uprising in Berlin that was brutally crushed. With about 70 fellow gladiators he escaped a gladiatorial training school at Capua in 73 and took refuge on Mount Vesuvius, where other runaway slaves joined the band. Crassus was put in charge of eight legions, approximately 40,000 trained Roman soldiers,[36][failed verification][37] which he treated with harsh, even brutal discipline, reviving the punishment "decimation" on units. In this area, since 1899, there have been finds of armour and swords of the Roman era. Spartacus waged a brilliant guerrilla campaign against a strong and well-organized enemy, but he could not prevail against a fully mobilized Rome. The legend of Spartacus has inspired so many fanciful retellings, it's easy to lose track of what actually happened back in 73 BC. [41] While Crassus feared that Pompey's arrival would cost him the credit, Spartacus unsuccessfully tried to reach an agreement with Crassus. In The Spartacus War… Rom muss nun handeln: Der Proprätor Gaius Claudius Glaber wird geschickt, um den Aufständischen Einhalt zu gebieten. The rebels also defeated a second expedition, nearly capturing the praetor commander, killing his lieutenants and seizing the military equipment. Auch Analysen von bekannten Kunden haben die beschriebenen Testergebnisse verstärkt. Parliament's soldiers gave them the nickname Cavaliers. He probably came from Thrace 1 , a country that was still independent (then Thrace would become one of the provinces of Rome), but already exposed to Rome’s retaliatory actions. Crassus gefangen auf Bruttium, wo 6.000 der Rebellen getötet wurden, aber Spartacus war schließlich in der Lage zu durchbrechen (wenn auch mit ein Drittel seiner Kraft) und noch einmal entkommen, südwärts bewegt, Sieg über zwei Crassus Leutnants in den … Spartacus was a Thracian gladiator, who became one of the slave leaders in the Third Servile War, the slave uprising war against the Roman Republic. Denn Spartacus ist ein Gladiator – und ein Sklave. This meant that Charles had the advantage of having a very good cavalry. Wer war Spartacus? Und bis heute gilt er als berühmtester und bekanntester Anführer der Sklavenkriege im Zuge der etwa von 500 bis 27 v. Chr. Crassus rewards Heracleo with gold and 'traitor' Laeta, but … [11] Plutarch also writes that Spartacus' wife, a prophetess of the Maedi tribe, was enslaved with him. Spartacus (Greek: Σπάρτακος Spártakos; Latin: Spartacus; c. 111–71 BC) was a Thracian gladiator who, along with Crixus, Gannicus, Castus, and Oenomaus, was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic. With about 70 fellow gladiators he escaped a gladiatorial training school at Capua in 73 and took refuge on Mount Vesuvius, where other runaway slaves joined the band. [25] Of the slaves that joined Spartacus ranks, they were from the countryside. When his men refused to leave Italy, he returned to Lucania and sought to cross his forces over to Sicily but was thwarted by the new Roman commander sent against him, Marcus Licinius Crassus. An ex-soldier in the Roman army, Spartacus excelled in combat. They were … Spartacus (TV Series 2010–2013) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. At the same time, the Roman Senate, alarmed by the defeat of the praetorian forces, dispatched a pair of consular legions under the command of Lucius Gellius and Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus. The Gauls and Germans were defeated first, and Spartacus himself ultimately fell fighting in pitched battle. And plundering was a national habit. [57] This name was also used for the mass gymnastics exhibition held every five years in Czechoslovakia. Although Crassus would ultimately defeat the Spartacus rebellion, Pompey would claim credit for the act, fueling his own rise to the apex of Roman politics. The mascot for the Ottawa Senators, Spartacat, is also named after him. [35] When Spartacus and his followers, who for unclear reasons had retreated to the south of Italy, moved northward again in early 71 BC, Crassus deployed six of his legions on the borders of the region and detached his legate Mummius with two legions to maneuver behind Spartacus. Chr., als in Capua ein Trupp von Gladiatoren aus einer Gladiatorenschule ausbrach. The revolt began in 73 BC, with the escape of around 70 slave-gladiators from a gladiator school in Capua; they easily defeated the small Ro Appian relates that Spartacus continued fighting but was eventually surrounded and struck down by the Romans. Der thrakische Sklave Spartacus ist seit seiner Kindheit im Bergbau zur Zwangsarbeit in der römischen Provinz Libyen verpflichtet. He appears to have served in a Roman auxiliary unit for a time, deserted and became either a bandit or insurgent against the Romans. Read the essential details about the English Civil War. Wer große Mengen Suchaufwand mit der Untersuchungen auslassen will, darf sich an eine Empfehlung von dem Wer war spartacus Vergleich halten. Although his uprising was not an attempt at social revolution, his name has frequently been invoked by revolutionaries such as Adam Weishaupt in the late 18th century and Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, and the other members of the German Spartacus League of 1916–19. Spartacus was born and raised with the Thracian way of war but as an adult he added an additional string to his bow: Roman military doctrine. During the Cold War, for example, we looked at Spartacus as an early socialist revolutionary – a Marxist before Marxism. The main Roman armies weren't even in Italy. [50] Appian also states that he later abandoned that goal, which might have been no more than a reflection of Roman fears. Die Römer nehmen Spartacus und seine Anhänger zunächst nicht ernst. Vesuvius. Er kauft ihn zusammen mit sechs anderen Sklaven und nim… [23] With these successes, more and more slaves flocked to the Spartacan forces, as did "many of the herdsmen and shepherds of the region", swelling their ranks to some 70,000. Although Roman authors assumed that the escaped slaves were a homogeneous group with Spartacus as their leader, they may have projected their own hierarchical view of military leadership onto the spontaneous organization, reducing other slave leaders to subordinate positions in their accounts. They were surprised when Spartacus, who had made ropes from vines, climbed down the cliff side of the volcano with his men and attacked the unfortified Roman camp in the rear, killing most of them.[22]. His army of nearly 100,000 overran most of southern Italy and fought its way up the entire length of the Italian Peninsula to the Alps. A Thracian by birth, Spartacus served in the Roman army, perhaps deserted, led bandit raids, and was caught and sold as a slave.
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